While you read these lines, the terabytes of data run around the world, locked in glass threads stretched along the bottom of the ocean. Reminds magic, but it is just an advanced technology. Optical fiber - technology, which, humanity is obliged to natural tests of the XIX century. Watching the rays of light on the surface of the pond, they suggested that the light can be controlled, but it was possible to move the brilliant idea only quite recently with the advent of the most complex plants and a thorough study of the optical properties of materials.

Locked light

Along the copper twisted pair (as in your Internet cable) electrons move in many. The current is indulge in the conductor and carries with itself the pulse coded in the sequence - information. Zeros and units - binary code that heard, perhaps, everything. An optical signal conductor works on the same principle, but from the point of view of physics, everything is much more complicated with it. There could be a half-day lecture on quantum mechanics, and how many famous physicists came to a dead end, trying to understand the nature of the world, but we will try to do without extensive reasoning.

It is enough to keep in mind what is like electrons, photons or light waves (in fact, in our context, this is the same), can carry encoded information. For example, on airfields, in cases of radiocommunication failure, the signals of aircraft are transmitted using directional spotlights. But then the primitive method, and it works only at the distance of direct visibility. At the same time, the fiber optic light is transferred to kilometers and far from a straight trajectory.

To achieve such an effect, it would be possible to use mirrors. Actually, from this test engineers and began their experiments. They coated metal pipes from inside the mirror layer and sent inside the ray of light. But not only that such filaments were exorbitantly expensive. The light was repeatedly reflected from their walls and gradually roamed, lost its strength and completely went to no.

Mirrors were not suitable. Otherwise, I could not. Even the most expensive mirror is not perfect. Its reflection coefficient is less than 100% and after each fall on the mirror surface, the light beam loses a part of the energy, and in the closed volume of the light guide such refractions occurred by an innumerable set.

This is where the time came to remember the pond and those long-standing research, which was based on the observation of the behavior of light in the water. Imagine how the ray of the sunset falls on the surface of the water, overcomes the border and goes down, to the bottom of the pond.

Those of readers who remember the school course of physics, probably already guess that the light will change the direction of its movement. Part of the light will pass under the water, slightly changing the angle of its movement, and the other slight part of the light will reflect back to the sky, because the "the angle of the fall is equal to the angle of reflection." If a for a long time Watch this phenomenon, one day, you can see that the light, reflected from the mirror under water, is under a certain angle, it will not be able to break out the outward - will reflect on the boundary of water and air completely, better than from any mirror. The point is not in water as such, but in combination of two environments with various optical properties - unequal refractive facilities. To create a light trap, the minimum differences are sufficiently minimal.

Flexible lights

Materials are not so important. In physical experiments for children demonstrating this effect, water and transparent plastic tube often use. More than a couple of meters in such a light guide, the light beam is not transferred, but it looks beautiful. For the same reason, the lamps and other decorative products often have fibers from plastics in their design. But when it comes to transferring information to many kilometers, special, ultrapure materials are required, with a minimum impurities and optical properties close to ideal.

In 1934, American Norman R. Frenc patented a glass light guide, which was supposed to provide a telephone connection, but he really did not work. It took a mass of time to find a material that would have answered the highest requirements for cleanliness and transparency, to invent optical fiber from silicon dioxide - the purest quartz glass. To create in transparent silicon, the difference in refractiveness coefficients is resorted to tricks. The center of the transparent blank, which turns into the wire, is left clean, while the outer layers are saturated with Germany - it changes the optical characteristics of the glass.

In this case, the blank usually sach out of two pre-prepared glass tubes inserted one to another. But you can proceed and on the contrary, saturating the core of fiberglass of Germany. It turns out more technological and high-quality fiberglass when the glass tubes fill from the inside with gas and wait until Germany itself falls on the glass with the finest layer. Then the tube is heated and stretched to a meter length. At the same time, the cavity inside is closed itself.

The resulting rod has a core with one refractive index and shell with other optical parameters. It will serve for the manufacture of optical fiber. While the heavy blank thickness in hand does not resemble the wire, but the quartz glass is well stretched.

The prepared blank is raised to the height of the ten-meter tower, they are fixed on top and heated evenly until it is for the consistency to resemble nuuu. Then the fine thread begins to stretch the fine thread from the glass blank. On the way down it cools and acquires flexibility. It may seem strange, but the ultra-low glass be perfectly bends.

The finished optical fiber, continuously incoming down, dip in the bath with a liquid plastic, forming the protective layer on the surface of quartz, and then unwound. So continues until the billet on the top of the tower is completely recycled into a single thread from the hundreds of other kilometers of optical fiber.

From it, in turn, cables that contain from the pair will be woven, to a pair of hundreds of individual glass fibers, strengthening inserts, shielding layers and protective shells.

1. Axial rod.
2. Optical fiber.
3. Plastic protection of optical fibers.
4. Film with hydrophobic gel.
5. Polyethylene shell.
6. Reinforcement.
7. External polyethylene sheath.

Communication with speed

The described process is complicated, labor costs, requires the construction of plants and special training from their staff, and, nevertheless, the game is worth the candle. After all, the speed of light is an insurmountable limit, the maximum speed with which information may be distributed in principle. Combining the optical fiber in the rate of information transmission can, except that, the line of direct optical communication, but not copper conductors, but the creators did not go for any tricks. Comparisons demonstrate the superiority of optical fiber over the other information transfer tools are best.

Home Internet In the post-Soviet space, often carried out on a two-housing twisted pair with conductors thick in one - two millimeters. The maximum for it is an indicator of 100 megabits per second. This is enough for a pair of computers, but when a smart TV, NAS, sinking torrents, a home server, several smartphones and smart devices from the world of things are not enough and the eight-tier wire. Channel restrictions are obvious. As a rule, in the form of artifacts and stuttering kinheroys on the TV screen, or lags in online games. Fiber optic thickness 9 microns has 30 times greater bandwidth, not to mention the fact that such lived in the wire can be somewhat.

At the same time, it is compact and weighs significantly less than ordinary wires, which turns out to be a decisive advantage, when laying backing lines of communication and planning urban communications.

Optical cables connect continents, cities and data centers. In Russia, the first such line appeared in Moscow. The first underwater optical cable runs between St. Petersburg and Danish Ararslund. Then fiber optic stretched between enterprises, government agencies and banks. In major cities, the scheme was distributed, in which optical communication links adjust to individual apartment buildings, and, nevertheless, for an ordinary consumer, the optical fiber still remains exotic. It would be interesting for us to find out how many of our readers use it at home, because, in most apartments, old-good twisted couple still stretches.

Optical fiber is not only expensive and complex in production. It is even more expensive its qualified service. There is no way without a blue tape. When mounting the fiber quartz, it is necessary to split specially, and the fiber optic communication lines are equipped with additional equipment.

Despite the fact that the difference in refractiveness coefficients in the core and fiber shell in theory creates the perfect light guide, launched in a quartz wire, the light falls away from the impurities contained in the glass. Alas, get rid of them completely almost impossible. A dozen water molecules per kilometer of optical fiber is already enough to make an error signal and reduce the distance to which it can be transmitted.

Electrician engineers are facing such a problem and in the case of conventional wires. The distance to which you can easily send a signal on the wire they are called the regeneration distance.

For a standard telephone cable, it is equal to a kilometer, a shielded cable - five. Fiber optic core holds light at a distance of several hundred kilometers, but, in the end, the signal still has to strengthen, regenerate. On classic communication lines, relatively cheap and simple amplifiers are installed. For fiber optic - requires complex and high-tech units in which rare earth metals and infrared lasers are used.

In the communication line cut small plot Specially prepared fiberglass. It is additionally saturated with Erbia atoms, a rare earth element used, among other things, in the nuclear industry. Erbia atoms in this area of \u200b\u200bthe fibers are in an excited state due to additional pumping light. Simply put, they are highlighted by a specially tuned laser. The signal passing such a cable region is increasing by about twice, since the ERBIA atoms in response to the effect emit the light of the same wave as the incoming signal, which means that the information encoded in it is saved. After the amplifier, the optical signal can take about a hundred kilometers before the procedure is necessary to repeat.

Such systems require trained professionals for service and constant supervision, so that the economic benefit from the laying of individual optical lines for specific subscribers remains dubious in most countries of the world. And yet, we all use fiberglass to send messages. The entire modern internet is based on this technology and it is thanks to it that Internet broadcasts in ultra-high resolution, video trimming, have become possible. online Games With minimal delay, instant communications with almost any point of the planet and even mobile Internet. Yes, basic stations cellular communication Also binds fiberglass.

Despite the fact that scientists are looking for new ways to build communication networks, we will not get anything more practical for a long time. Experimental technologies allow you to raise the information capacity of fiberglass in two or three times, all thicker stranded glass cables lie on the seabed between the continents, but the fundamental limitations imposed by the speed of light locked in quartz core, it is hardly possible to overcome. The output is seen by the refusal of quartz and the restrictions associated with it, the transfer of information using lasers, but it is possible only in a straight line. Consequently, the transmitters will have to be placed in space or at least in the upper layers of the atmosphere. Such experiments in recent years have attracted the attention of the largest corporations, but this is a completely different story.

It was told about the most common types of fiber-optic cable used in Ukraine. And today - the cable in the context, and in the course of the narration - some practical moments of its installation.

We will not dwell on the detailed structure of all types of cable. Take a certain averaged typical OK:

1. Central (axial) element.
2. Optical fiber.
3. Plastic modules for optical fibers.
4. Film with hydrophobic gel.
5. Polyethylene shell.
6. Armor.
7. External polyethylene sheath.

What represents each layer in detail?

Central (axial) element

Fiberglass rod in a polymer shell or without it. Main appointment - gives rigidity cable. Fiberglass rods without a shell are bad in that it is easy to break when bending and damage the fiber located around them.

Optical fiber

Optical fiber threads most often have a thickness of 125 microns (approximately with hair). They consist of a core (according to which, actually, there is a signal transmission) and the glass shell a little different composition, which provides complete refraction in the core.

In the labeling of the cable, the diameter of the core and the shell is indicated by numbers through the slash. For example: 9/125 - 9 microns core, shell - 125 microns.

The number of fibers in the cable varies from 2 to 144, it is also fixed in the label.

Depending on the thickness of the core, fiber is divided into single) (thin core) and multimode (larger diameter). Recently, the multiple is applied less frequently, so we will not stop on it. We only note that it is provided for use for small distances. The shell of a multimode cable and patchcords usually do orange color (single - yellow).

In turn, the single-mode optical fiber happens:

• Standard (labeling SF, SM or SMF);
• With a displaced dispersion ( DS, DSF.);
• With nonzero displaced dispersion ( NZ, NZDSF or NZDS).

IN general features - Fiber optic cable with displaced dispersion (including with nonzero) applied to much long distances than the usual one.

On top of the shell, glass threads are covered with varnish, and this microscopic layer also plays an important role. Fiberboard without varnishing coating is damaged, crumbs and breaks under the slightest exposure. While in the lacquer isolation it can be twisted and subject to some load. In practice, fiber-optic threads weels withstand the weight of the cable on the supports, if all other power rods are rushed during operation.

However, it is not necessary to lay the fibers for strength too much hope - even with varnish they are easily breaking. Therefore, when installing optical networksEspecially in the repair of existing highways, the maximum accuracy is required.

Plastic modules for optical fibers

These are plastic shells, inside of which - a beam of fiber fiber threads and hydrophobic lubrication. In the cable there can be either one such a tube with fiber, or several (last - more often, especially if the fibers are much). Modules are performed Fiber protection function from mechanical damage And alone - their associations and marking (if there are several modules in the cable). However, it must be remembered that the plastic module with bending is quite simply rehearsed, and breaks the fibers in it.

There is no one standard for color marking modules and fibers, but each manufacturer attaches to a drum with a cable passport in which it is designated.

Film and polyethylene shell

These are extra elements protection of fibers and modules from friction, as well as moisture - In some types of optical cable under the film contains hydrophobic. The film from above can be additionally reinforced by weave the threads and is impregnated with hydrophobic gel.

Plastic shell performs the same functions as the film, plus serves as a layer between armor and modules. There are modifications of cable, where it is not at all.

Armor

It can be either kevlar armor (woven threads), or a ring of steel wire, or a sheet of corrugated steel:

• Kevlar It is used in those types of fiber optic cable, where the metal content is unacceptable or if it is necessary to reduce its weight.
• Cable with steel wire armor Designed for underground styling directly into the ground - durable armor protects against many damage, incl. From shovel.
• Cable with corrugation Put in pipes or cable sewage, protect such an armor can only from rodents.

Exterior polyethylene shell

The first and almost most important level of protection. Dense polyethylene is designed to withstand all loads falling into a share of cable, so if it is damaged, the risk of cable damage is significantly increased. Need to follow the shell:

a) was not damaged when installing - otherwise the inward moisture will increase lines on the line;

b) did not touch during the operation of the tree, wall, angle or edge of construction, etc., if there is a risk of friction in this place during wind and other loads.

From time to time, I am asked about what ways to connect the Internet there are and what type of global network access is better to choose for a country or located in the city of the city. But the really IT market literally overgrown with companies that provide Internet access services. Which technologies today are not used in wireless and wired connections in order to maximize the coverage of the data to maximize, increase the data transfer rate, improve the quality of communication ...

As you know, Internet providers are distinguished by the provision of services, namely the type of access to the Internet.

Internet provider - A company that provides access to the Internet to its client and provides other related services.

There are such types of Internet connectivity as broadband, switched and wireless communication lines. All of them are able to discover the world's world, although they work according to a different principle. But first things first.

Ethernet - connection via local network.

This is a fixed broadband access to the Internet on the dedicated line. The line-held line is built on a fiber optic or copper cable, which makes it possible to transfer data to computers at high speed. The material for creating a fiber optic cable is a glass or plastic and information on it is not transmitted not by an electric, but a light signal, which allows to transmit a signal to huge distances with a negligible weakening.

Under the copper cable implies a twisted pair (here are described) in which the information is transmitted by an electrical signal. Because of its feature, the twisted pair, unlike the fiber optic cable, has a significant indicator of the signal attenuation and is susceptible to electromagnetic interference. To increase the length of the communication channel, you should use cables with interference protection and pressing, and to reduce the attenuation coefficient of the signal - you need to use special correctors or signal buffers.

However, do this in practice online providers where it is necessary? It should be said that usually the fiber-optic cable is used to connect the subpower with the main provider and connecting various buildings (high-rise buildings, hotels ...) to the global network, and then there is a twisted pair.

True now is already actively developing gPON technology (Gigabit Passive Optical Network). Its essence is that the provider turns fiber optic cable directly to you in the apartment and puts a special separation box. With this situation, you technically have the opportunity to connect to the global network at a speed of 1 Gbit / s, in the remaining cases the speed will not exceed 100 Mbps.

Anyway, the highlighted line is most optimally suitable for connecting to the Internet of the house (read in detail about that) or obtain collective access to the network in the office. As a rule, providers with this type of connection are offered unlimited Internet, which means you will not need to worry about spent network traffic When downloading information or walks over the network. With the help of Wi-Fi router, you can connect other digital devices to the Internet (smartphone, tablet, laptop, Smart TV ...).

High speed Internet channel in Ethernet technology makes it possible to quickly download impressive amounts of information, it is comfortable to work online with multimedia and conduct various video meeting online. Many providers providing Internet access on a dedicated line as an additional service offer IP television (IPTV), where some channels can be represented in HD format. Perhaps this is one of the best ways to connect to the Internet.

Modem connection (ADSL and Dial-Up).

This is a switch access to the Internet, through a telephone line using a modem. You can connect to the Internet on the telephone line on the old Dial-Up technology or more advanced ADSL technology. A connection to the ADSL provider unlike the Dial-UP makes it possible to travel over the Internet and parallel to call calls. This is achieved by the ADSL splitter, which shares the telephone signal to a regular telephone and high-frequency modem signal.

In comparison with the connection along the dedicated line (method described above) the advantage of the modem connection is that existing telephone cables are used, but this is the advantage of this Internet access ends. Maximum speed Data transfer from Dial-Up 56 kbps, and the ADSL technology is 24 Mbit / s, but considering the state in which telephone connection stability lines and such indicators may not be.

As you understand, the telephone line in all indicators loses the dedicated line if you take into account the stable growth of the multimedia and the amount of transmitted data. Just a few years ago, this type of connection was considered one of the best, but nowadays he has practically survived himself despite the fact that it is still used as an alternative connection to the Internet where for any reason to use another connection to relevant.

Connecting to the Internet on DocSis technology.

DOCSIS literally (DATA OVER Cable Service Interface Specifications) is translated as a standard for transmitting data on a coaxial (television) cable. Data transfer for this standard for the provider is carried out to the client (downstream) at 42/38 Mbps speed, and from the user (upstream) 10/9 Mbit / s. It is to say that the band in this technology is divided between all connected participants who Currently accept or send an information flow. Consequently, the available band at the time of transmitting or receiving data for each user may vary in wide pasties.

This way to connect to the Internet, like the previous one, is performed through a special modem. This cable modem for DOCSIS technology with a built-in network bridge, which makes it possible to exchange data on a coaxial or optical cable in bilateral mode. It should be noted that the CMTS Cable Modem Termination System is present in the network of such a provider. If briefly and simple, this device is a large modem in the main network to which subscriber modems are bred.

FROM economic point viewing a coaxial cable for the sake of getting out the Internet is not very reasonable, it is better to carry out a dedicated line (Ethernet connection), because according to the technical characteristics such a line is better, but if the television cable is already in the house there is also your CTV operator provides such a service, then Why not take advantage of it. However, if the provider can provide you with Internet access using FTTB, PON or HCNA technology, then for a number of technical advantages it is better to choose one of them, instead of the traditional DocSis.

Mobile Internet access (GPRS, EDGE, 3G).

This type of network connection is popular with the opportunity to get access to the Internet in those areas where there is no telephone or dedicated line. You can connect to the Internet provider using a USB 3G modem or through a mobile phone tool (iPhone, Smartphone, Communicator) with a modem function. The USB modem is visually similar to a USB flash drive and has a socket for installing a SIM card.

Connecting to the Internet, via USB modem or mobile phone It is performed at the expense of "circulation" to the base station of the cellular telephone operator, which you are serviced, and depending on what equipment is installed at mobile provider Communication on GPRS, EDGE, 3G or HSDPA (4G) technology is established. Thus, after connecting a USB modem or phone (via USB cable, infrared or blurtooth) with a computer, you will get access to the Internet on one of the mentioned technologies.

Mobile Internet has no sustainable communication quality and pretty low speed, but quite suitable for normal download pages in the browser. The maximum data transfer rate in the presented technologies on average is 20-40 kbps in GPRS; 100-236 kbps in EDGE; 144 Kbps - 3.6 Mbps in 3G and 4G may exceed 100 Mbps, and in stationary subscribers it can be 1 Gbit / s.

High-speed characteristics depending on the used Internet provider technologies in some cases may be higher, but almost most often they are lower. Mobile Internet, of course, not much shortcomings, but be able to go out global Network From anywhere in the country, many of us breaks down.

Now we will analyze the wireless connection to the Internet (satellite, WiMAX). These types of wireless Internet connection are good because they can be used there, where to access the network through the cable for some reason is not yet possible.

On wireless technologies you can access the Internet outside the city where wired Internet not available. For example, in the country, stock, office or some other object. It must be said that such ways to connect the Internet suggest additional equipment, and its acquisition in some cases can "pour" a round sum for you.

Internet through a satellite plate.

For example, to connect a unilateral satellite Internet, you need a small set of equipment. You need to buy a satellite antenna, a converter amplifier (selected under the range of C, KA or KU and linear or circular polarization of the operator), satellite receiver (PCI board or USB receiver), the cable of the desired length type RG-6 (75 Ohm) and a pair F-connectors.

For bilateral access to the satellite Internet, you need a transceiver antenna (with a diameter of about 1.2 - 1.8 meters), transmitting the BUC (BLOCK-UP Converter) and the receiving LNB (Low-Noise Block) block and satellite modem to which you can connect not one , and several computers and provide them with access to the Internet. Use the range recommended by the satellite operator.

Each of the range of satellite connections to the Internet has its own characteristics. For one-way access, you need already existing Internet access (for example, GPRS or EDGE), for which sent requests will be processed to the Internet provider processing (one-sided access), and after processing the received data will be sent to your customer on satellite corridor.

With double-sided access, the Internet does not need additional channels, as sending and receiving data is carried out through the satellite. Many satellite Internet operators can offer both unlimited packages and payment tariff for traffic. Bilateral satellite Internet Some operators work faster than 3G technology, and the speed in the KA-band can be 20 Mbps.

The disadvantage in this technology can be considered a high cost of equipment, the complexity of setting up the equipment for a technically inappropriate user and a great response time (delay). Usually use satellite Internet in remote corners of the country, where there is no other acceptable alternative. Using the Wi-Fi router with satellite connection to the provider, as well as in other technologies, will give you the opportunity to distribute the Internet for wireless communication and the LAN cable to other digital devices (laptop, tablet) in the house.

We have already considered various ways to connect to the Internet, including here and mobile access, but I would like to draw your attention to another type of Internet connection using WiMAX technology. Often this Internet access technology uses where the DocSis cable Internet is not available, there is no highlighted network in the house or in the office or there is no telephone line for ADSL connection. Access to the global network using WiMAX technology, as well as on satellite connections, in such cases often plays a crucial role.

WiMAX technology theoretically has a data transfer rate of about 70 Mbps, but in practice it is less than less. To connect to the Internet using WiMAX technology, you need to contact the provider provider, which on the network coverage map will determine if your location in the coating zone. If you find out that the place of your placement does not fall under the coverage area, then specialists will need to determine the distance to the nearest base station to you.

It is desirable that the base station would be in direct visibility (not necessarily) from you, and the distance was no more than 10 kilometers. Depending on the results obtained (the distance and conditions of receiving the signal), it will be necessary to select WiMAX modem and antenna with the required gain. In addition, a cable will be required to connect an antenna with a modem and a USB extension to connect a modem with a router or computer.

The antenna is usually set to the maximum possible point and sent (Google Earth program can be used for the calculation) it is as accurate as possible to the base station. After that, the antenna connects to the modem, connects to the network and adjusts to the maximum signal level. Very often to receive the Internet by WiMAX use a specialized Wi-Fi router with a USB port that WiMAX modem can work.

Thus, on Wi-Fi wireless network (read if you can open access to other digital devices (tablet, laptop ...). Both Wi-Fi and WiMAX technologies are wireless and are used to gain access to the Internet, but despite this solve a different range of tasks. As a rule, Wi-Fi is used to build wireless local networks with a radius of action, depending on the environment from 50 and to 100 meters.

Unlike WiMAX, Wi-Fi Internet providers uses little, but this kind of wireless connection to the Internet has become more popular in hotels, airports, cafes, clubs, apartments and homes. Because this technology allows you to quickly, easily and conveniently provide all those who want to enter the global network with wireless Internet. Look at the comparative table of these standards and read.

Now in general terms, you know what ways to connect the Internet exist. Of course, information technologies are not in place, and rapidly develop in our world and the data transfer rate is constantly growing.

2018-09-05T13: 52: 24 + 00: 00

Guys such garbage. I bought the Internet 1000 Mbit \\ seconds what will happen if I connect it to the router that pulls only 100 Mbps?

2018-08-15T17: 46: 57 + 00: 00

People, and you can like a thread on the usual PC to fold traffic from the network and from mobile Internet? Slow on the work of the Internet, and the phone lags. At the same time, this is how it can be on one channel?

2018-06-20T23: 07: 08 + 00: 00

This article really needs an add-on, but I have no time for it. If you get a collected command, then all the article is rewritten or supplemented. In the meantime, all free to supplement it in the comments, but not much of such, but criticizing many times more. But it is good, because I point out mistakes, which means there is to grow.

2018-06-16T16: 07: 22 + 00: 00

Dmitry, what kind of black satellite antenna is meant in mind. This is a hundred times cheaper to make the cake on the cable. And Kizheev meant the antenna Kharchenko or the wave canal (Yaga). Do you agree? And for the article I thank. There is only about the allocated line (Ethernet) in more detail: it stands expensive and there are stat. IP address?

2017-12-15T15: 51: 45 + 00: 00

Hello Dmitry. I read a lot of feedback, but only your interested me. Since I am a lonely pensioner, then I have enough single cable without a router internet connection, but everywhere only a router and fiberglass cable, and this is, accordingly, and the price. Now I have Beeline, but all the time some Caverza is crying only 450 rubles. And it is necessary to 900 r. And so with the pension we twisted: and for the mobile to pay for the phone and for electricity and housing and public utilities. So I guess. And we, pensioners, too, want to live, of course, neither all, but we try "in the dirt face not to hit." Sorry. Perhaps you have your own business, and you are not up to us. Sincerely, Ludmila

Many Internet users use fiber-optic wire for connecting to the Internet, however, almost no one knows what is like fiber, what does it represent and how does the information transmit?

Optical fiber - This is the world's fastest way to transfer data over the Internet. The optical cable has a special structure: it consists of small thin wiring, which fell apart from each other with a special coating. Each posting transmits light, and the light in turn transmits data over the network. Such a cable can simultaneously transmit Internet connection data, a stationary phone and television. Therefore, in fiber optic networks, users often combine all three provider services and connect the phone, TV, router and computer to the same fiber optic cable.

The fiber optic connection is also called fibroid bond. It allows you to transmit information using a laser rays, and the data with ease are transmitted hundreds of miles. Cable components, small fibers, have a very small diameter - thousands of inches. Optical rays inside such fibers carry data that pass through the silicon core of each fiber.

With the help of optical fiber, you can adjust the compounds of not only a large city, but also large countries, as well as continents. The Internet connection between the main students of the Earth is carried out thanks to a huge fiber-optic cable laid along the bottom of the Ocean.

Fiber optic Internet

The cable allows you to set up a high-speed Internet connection that is necessary in conditions. modern Mira. Fiber optic wire is the best way to transfer and receive network data.

Main advantages:

• Optical fiber is a durable material that has very high level bandwidth. It is this characteristic that is responsible for the high data transfer rate;
• Secure data transfer - the use of fiber allows software Instantly reveal the fact of unauthorized access to network data. The access of attackers to information is practically impossible;
• Wholesalers also features an excellent level of protection against interference and good noise reduction;
• In contrast to the coaxial cable, thanks to a special structure (Figure 2), fiber has several times a large data transfer rate, especially audio and video files;
• Connecting the optical fiber allows you to organize a system for a number of additional options, for example, to install a video surveillance system or security devices.

The main advantage of a fiber cable is capable of providing a connection of two objects that are located at a high distance from each other. This happens due to the fact that the cable has no restrictions on the length of the channels.

How to connect the Internet through optical fiber?

The most popular Internet in Russia, the network of which is organized by optical fiber, provides a company Rostelecom. Consider more, how to connect the Internet and configure it work yourself.

First of all, make sure that the fiber is connected to your home. Next, order the service connection to the network. Rostelecom must inform you the data that will ensure the connection. Now you need to configure the equipment.

Follow the instructions:

• After the company's employees Rostelecom conducted an optical fiber and connected the basic work equipment to work in passive optical networks (PON), it is necessary to carry out the entire further setting;

Remember! It is best to carry out the fiber-optic cable close to the outlet to which the power supply (multiplexer) of the ONT terminal will be connected.

• Next, you need to install a socket and a yellow cable, as shown in the figure below;

• Wi-Fi router can be kept, buying a Rostelecom router is optional. The WiFi connects the optical terminal, fiber optic cable and the main cord with which the router is connected to the optical outlet. A detailed router connection scheme in the fiber optic network is demonstrated in the figure;
• Choose such a place to install all components that has access to a large amount of air and is well ventilated. Please tell the installer where to install network components;

The terminal has a special jack, which is connected to a computer and in order to connect the router with the Internet. The terminal is also equipped with additional two jacks for connecting analog home phone And a few more nests are needed to connect television from Rostelecom.

After connecting all components, check the Internet connections on your computer:

• Go to the command prompt on behalf of the administrator. To do this, right-click the manipulator on the Windows icon, select the desired item;

• Enter the NetStat -E -s command alternately, then Ping Host, then TRACERT HOST and finally the Pathping Host command. In this case, Host is the address of any site. Thus, the Internet connection is checked;
• Now it is necessary to check the connection speed. You can make it using any popular service, for example, Speedtest.

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